Information Centric Networking ( Icn ) - 2566 Words

Abstract: Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is set to replace the current internet architecture which is based on end-to-end communication between hosts. The ICN approach to the network of the future has recently been and is being explored by a number of research projects from Europe and in the United States. This paper provides a review on four Information Centric Networking (ICN) architectures based on objects/contents naming, name Resolution and data routing.The review highlights and briefly describes the naming structures, operation of name resolution and data routing processes of DONA, PURSUIT, NetInf/MDHT and NDN. A summary in tabular form and a comparative study of different architectures is given. Keywords: ICN, Naming of ICN, Name Resolution and Data Routing of ICN. I. INTRODUCTION Information-centric networking (ICN) is the hot research topic in recent years, with various research initiatives like DONA [1], CCN/NDN [2][10][16] PSIRP/PURSUIT [3][4][8][11][12], 4WARD [13], CONVERGENCE[15], NetInf [9], SAIL[17],COMET [5–7][14]), MobilityFirst [18] and ANR Connect [19] targeting this emerging research area with the aim of shifting from the current Internet architecture which is built and designed for a host-to-host communications model. The Internet architecture today has experienced rapid growth in network traffic of which most of the traffics are characterized by the content retrieval applications running on top of the Internet architecture. The Internet hasShow MoreRelatedInformation Centric Network And Developing Channel Coding Solutions1367 Words   |  6 PagesContents: Project Overview 3 Background Reading 3-5 Information-Centric Network 3- Introduction 3 Information-Centric Network Components 3-4 ICN Naming scheme 3 ICN Routing and Forwarding 3-4 ICN Caching 4 Information-Centric Network Approaches 4 Network of information (NetInf) 4 Named Data Networking (NDN) 4 Publish-Subscribe Architecture 4 Summary of Different ICN Approaches 5 Channel Coding 5 References 6Read MoreHow The Dynamic Traffic Engineering Technique Can Choose Specific Paths Based774 Words   |  4 PagesOn the Benefit of Information Centric Networks for Traffic Engineering Please Write Your Name Here School of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China Please write your email Key Idea—This work proposed a resource allocation scheme that will describe how the dynamic traffic engineering technique can choose specific paths based upon selected content attributes, and compare this with a typical min-MLU (Minimum Link Utilization) trafficRead MoreA Novel Fault Tolerant Redundancy Policy3635 Words   |  15 PagesRedundancy Policy in Information Centric Network Article Type: SI:Fault Tolerant Comm Nets Abstract: Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a new emerging concept, in which the principal paradigm shifts from the traditional end-to-end connection to the information-centric communication model. The common characteristic of ICN is leveraging in-network caching by equipping all routers with storage to achieve efficient content distribution. The character of in-network caching makes the ICN architecture veryRead MoreRouting Scheme In Named Data Networks Essay3530 Words   |  15 Pagesrequested contents, as routers are unaware of the passing contents and might transmit the content through the same path multiple times. Named Data Network (NDN) architecture enables the routers to identify and cache the contents. NDN is a new information-centric networking architecture in which data or content is identified by a unique name and the content pieces are saved in cache of routers. As the source and destination addresses are not included in NDN packets, routers must forward Interest packet until

The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Short Term Memory Essay

The effects of aerobic exercise on short-term memory Blakemore (1988) defines memory as the ability to retain information from past experiences. According to a study done by Brown-Peterson, the average person’s short-term memory is 60% accurate (Gross et al., 2015). According to a research experiment, conducted by Stroth et al. (2011), a possible way of increasing memory is through aerobic exercise. Stroth et al. (2011), concluded that aerobic exercise improves the visual memory by 25%. According to a study done Leavitt et al. (2014), aerobic exercise can increase the volume of the hippocampus, which has been linked to memory formation and short-term memory, by 16.5 %. Previous studies have revealed that there is a causal relationship between aerobic exercise and memory; however, previous studies have not looked into ways that improve short-term memory (Holt et al., 2015). This study tests the hypothesis, that aerobic exercise has a positive correlation with short-term memory, and that 30 minutes of aerobic exercise can increase the accuracy of a person’s short-term memory by 10-20 %. Method Participants Participant included in this study were 24 university students (50% females), recruited from introductory psychology and health courses at Edith Cowan University. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 45 years (M= 30.95; SD= 8.60). The students volunteered when asked by the experimenters during class lectures. Materials memory-span procedure test, aerobicShow MoreRelatedChildhood Cognitive Development And Exercise1351 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Development and Exercise Monica Compton Dr. Laura McClelland Taylor University November 23, 2016 In current times everyone is constantly surrounded by old and new technology and people, especially children, are constantly using it. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development talks about how the increased screen time that children are having is linked with lower levels of activity (Santrock, 2016). Activity levels during childhood and the effects it has on physical developmentRead MoreEffects Of The Normal Aging Process On The Brain995 Words   |  4 PagesSummary One of the side effects of the normal aging process on the brain is the dilapidation of cerebral white matter, which according to previous studies correlates to poorer cognitive functioning. This research experiment is an in-depth study of the neurological components of aging in terms of white matter integrity, working memory, and cognitive function in relation to aerobic exercise. A team of scientists from various universities conducted this exercise intervention study and it spans a twelve-monthRead MoreEssay about The Effect of Excersie on Mental Health1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Excersie on Mental Health I. Introduction A. Although most people know about the many physical benefits that result from consistent exercise: 1. More than 60% of adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity. 2. In addition, 25% of all adults are not active at all B. This is disturbing, not only because so many people are missing out on the physical benefits that result from exercise, but on the mental benefits that result from exercise as well Read MoreThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On Brain Health1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Mental Exercise and Physical Exercise on Brain Health Physical exercise does not only promote physical appearance and the body’s health, it also promotes brain health. The brain is a dynamic organ that replaces and repairs neurons throughout life. When people engage in exercise, rarely do they think about the potential affects it has on their brain. People that work out utilize various amounts of motor skills that have been acquired gradually through practice. Those utilized motorRead MoreEffects Of Exercise On Brain Health1623 Words   |  7 Pagesthe associated healthcare costs (Australian Government Productivity Commission [AGPC], 2013). Physical exercise is known to be crucial in maintaining physiological health; it can also be used as a means of neuroprotection and assist in modifiable risk factors for improved brain health and subsequent cognitive function. This review will critically analyse current research into the effects of exercise on brain health and what neuroprotective mechanisms can be implemented to preserve cog nitive functionRead MoreThe Brain That Changes Itself : Stories Of Personal Triumph From The Frontiers Of Brain Science1653 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences from people that received help through neuroplasticity exercises. Each story describes how the brain is able to readjust itself. Brain plasticity can physically modify the brain by uncovering rewarding and tragic experiences. Changes in the brain can also occur as we age. Throughout the reading I learned several knowledgeable facts I did not know before. Some being the transcription and template functions, and the effects memory and learning have on the transformation of the brain over timeRead MoreExercise And Cognitive Function : Exercise3047 Words   |  13 PagesExercise and Cognitive Function 1 Media Critique: Does Exercise Increase Cognitive Function? HPS 3790 Fitness Programs for Children, Adolescents, and Adults Matthew Trujillo 11/8/16 Most of the time when exercise is being performed, it is perceived that there is a need or want to become healthy, or stay healthy. When the word healthy comes to mind the first instinct is to think of the health of the body; to lose weight, tone the muscles, increase strength. Today there is a big focusRead MoreExercise Physiology And Training Programs1697 Words   |  7 PagesExercise Physiology and Training Programs. Research Report The contents included in this report will outline; the meaning of fitness, components of fitness, measurements and evaluation of physical performance capacities, the three energy systems, oxygen consumption and delivery, training methods and training principles. 2â€Æ' Table of contents Contents Table of contents 1 Part A 2 Introduction 2 Part B 2 Touch analysis 2 Part C 3 Fitness components and energy systems 3 Part D 3 Process andRead MoreThe Effects of Exercise on Health Essay1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of Exercise on Health Exercise may be a matter of choice for the normal weight young person who has never had to diet, but for people who are trying to lose weight for life, those who are aging, have risk Factors for or have osteoporosis, are at high risk for cardiovascular disease or diabetes and those who would just like to continue their years with life in them, It is a necessity. If people lose weight through dieting alone it means that twenty to fifty percent of theRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Exercise Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesyour day, you have the opportunity to enhance your health. Having a morning impulse to exercise along with a weekly routine is one of the best investments we can make in ourselves. I completely agree in the great gratification received after exercising; especially knowing the benefits it has over ones mind and body. We should not be oblivious to any programs or recommendations that belittled the need to exercise. An example of this can be the claims made by weight loss products. The partisan endorsements

Market Leadership Operations Performance

Question: Critically evaluate methods of planning and organising efficient operations and networking? Analyse the problems of controlling component activities and of controlling quality.? Answer: Introduction Overview of the Organisation Starbucks Corporation is globally recognised as a coffee company, which is operating its operations in the coffee house industry. The company was established in the year of 1971 in the local market of US. Over the years, the company has operated its business operations as a largest coffeehouse company amid the globe. In order to highlight market share and current business position within the globe, it can be stated that Starbucks has provided its coffee house services towards 65 countries around the globe. In this context, more specifically it can be argued that Starbucks has more than 12,000 coffee shops in US, whereas the company has also expanded its business in China, Canada, Japan and UK market amid the globe. Similarly, in order to highlight the services of Starbucks, it can be argued that the company usually offer hot and cold beverages to its customers such as coffee and tea. At the same time, Starbucks also serve few more food product services such as pastries, snacks, frapp uccino beverages and smoothies among others. According to the annual report of Starbucks Corporation (2013), it is identified that the company is a public limited company, which is enlisted in the New York stock exchange market under the index NASDAQ: SBUX. Simultaneously, in order to identify the current employment of the organisation, it is identified that more than 191,000 people are working with Starbucks for executing the operations and ensuring the services to its customers. Objectives of the Assignment This particular assignment intended to identify the potential factors that may influence the decision of an organisation in terms of outsourcing as well as kept in-house services. Moreover, the study has intended to identify and analyse the five performance objectives of the Starbucks, which may influence the decision making strategy of the organisation. Additionally, this particular study will aim to identify the involvement of risk during the decision making process, which may hamper the performance/ operations of the organisation. At the same time, the study will also try to identify the potential aspects through which it will be possible to mitigate the risk involvement during the strategic decision making. Review of Literature Importance and Scope of Operations Management In order to highlight the role of an operations manager, it can be claim that an operations manager should concentrate towards certain aspects, which may assist the organisation to ensure its position in the operating market through enhancing the business capability and business efficiency of the organisation. In this context, more specifically it can be mentioned that through emphasising towards products, services and process an organisation may enhance the efficiency of its operations functions. At the same time, it can be also argued that through emphasising towards understanding strategic objectives and by developing strategy through concentrating towards planning and controlling related aspects an organisation may improve the performance of operations (Tomar and Reeves, 2009). According to the viewpoint of Troaca and Bodislav (2012), the term outsourcing signifies a specific process through which global organisations may transfer their goods and/ or services to the external country/ party for executing the operations for that specific goods and/ services in a significant manner. On the other hand, kept in-house process signifies a specific procedure, which is usually used by the organisations to execute its own operations within the own guidance. Strategic Analysis During the mid 20th century, the trend of strategy involvement has been introduced in the business for the first time. In order to identify the involvement of strategy for implementing the operations of an organisation, it is identified that enhancing the business outcome as well as efficiency was the prime intention. At the same time, strategy involvement also assisted an organisation to ensure its long-term sustainability within the operating marketplace. Moreover, through incorporating strategy during the execution of operations, an organisation may fulfil the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. Additionally, it can be also claimed that through emphasising towards the strategic involvement, an organisation may formulate better decisions for its business operations. According to the viewpoint of Tomar and Reeves (2009), an organisation may adopt different kind of strategies for enhancing its operational efficiency in terms of decision making those are illustrated below: Corporate Level Strategy The corporate level strategy is usually incorporated by the organisations with an intention of ensuring the long-term direction in the business. Through concentrating towards corporate level strategy an organisation may certify the utmost utilisation of its resources. At the same time, corporate level strategy is also adopted by the organisations to comprise more than one business operations at a time. Starbucks has only one business unit, but the organisation has its coffee house in different locations of the globe. Thus it can be stated that through incorporating corporate level strategy, Starbucks may establish a positive business relation with its stakeholders in the different geographical location of the globe. Moreover, adoption of corporate level strategy also may help an organisation to certify its mission and vision (Pearlstein, 2010). Business Level Strategy Simultaneously, through incorporating business level strategy an organisation may reduce its internal as well as external challenges. At the same time, business level strategy also helps an organisation to enhance its business efficiency and competencies during the execution of operations. The Starbucks has varied range of products and/ or services within the globe. Thus, it can be claimed that through incorporating business level strategy Starbucks may reduce its internal as well as external challenges during executing the business operations (Borowik, 2010). Functional Level Strategy Consequently, functional level strategy is recognised as one of the most crucial aspects, which may assist an organisation to execute its marketing, finance and production related functions in more significant manner. At the same time, through the adoption of functional strategy, Starbucks may attain the predetermined objectives of the organisation. Moreover, through incorporating functional strategy Starbucks may enhance its operational efficiency during providing its extended services (Chevalier, 2010). Operations and Strategy Based on the report of ACCA (2015), operations and strategy are considered as one of the key factors, which may ensure the survival of an organisation in a competitive business environment. At the same time, adequate operations and strategy may assist an organisation to ensure its growth in the operating marketplace. In this context, more specifically it can be claimed that through concentrating towards the operations and strategy related aspects Starbucks can improve its efficiency in terms of strategic decision making related aspects. At the same time, through emphasising towards operations and strategy, Starbucks may enhance the utilisation of its resources, which will also assist to improve outcome of the organisation (Hauglie, 2010). Thus, five operations performance objectives are analysed and discussed below for better understanding the operations of Starbucks. Cost With an aim of highlight the operations performance objectives, it can be stated that large numbers of global organisations emphasise towards cost with an intention of reducing the waste of the organisation. In this regard, through concentrating cost, Starbucks also tried to enhance the efficiency of the organisation by ensuring the utmost utilization of its resources and by enhancing the overall outcome of the organisation (Kim and Hahn, 2010). Quality Similarly, quality is also considered as essential factor for an organisation, which helps to attract the attention of the consumers. In this regard, more specifically it can be argued that Starbucks has emphasised towards quality related aspects with an aim of enhancing the quality products and services, which may lead an organisation to gain better competitive advantage in the operating marketplace (Langdon, 2010). Speed Consequently, for ensuring the growth of an organisation, it is required to concentrate towards the speed of execution of operation related aspects. In this context, it can be argued that speed of execution usually assist an organisation to meet the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. Thus, Starbucks has paid its utmost attention towards speed of execution for making better strategic decisions, which may lead an organisation long-term success for the future (Liu and Mance, 2009). Dependability Similarly, through enhancing the potential of dependability an organisation may fulfil the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. Moreover, grater dependability may lead an organisation better efficiency of delivering products and services to its customers. In this context, it can be argued that Starbucks has enhanced its level of dependability by enhancing the range of product and services (Marques, 2008). Flexibility Additionally, greater flexibility can lead an organisation to make better strategic decisions. Through emphasising towards the flexibility an organisation also may enhance the quality as well as efficiency of its operations. In this context, more accurately, it can be argued that Starbucks has emphasised towards flexibility related aspects with an intention of changing its production, procedure, services related decisions of the business, which may enhance competitive advantages for the organisation and it may also influence business performance in a positive manner (Pearlstein, 2010). Analysis of Outsourced and Kept in-house Services of BP Based on the evidences of the above discussion, it is identified that Starbucks has enhance its competitive advantages within the operating marketplace through emphasising towards five operations performance objectives. In this context, more specifically it can be argued that through concentrating on five operations performance objectives, it is also possible to identify the appropriate strategic decisions for the organisation in terms of its outsourced as well as kept in-house products (Phillips and Phillips, 2010). At the same time, for ensuring the business excellence, an organisation may incorporate outsource and kept in-house related strategic decisions, which may maximize the overall business performance in terms of outcome. On the other hand, through incorporation of outsource and kept in-house related strategic decisions an organisation may enhance its business competencies (Langdon, 2010). Thus, based on the above discussion it can be recommended that Starbucks should incorporate outsourcing procedure for its coffee house related products and services, which may mitigating risk involvement for the organisation. At the same time, adoption of outsourcing procedure may assist the organisation to enhance the quality of the products through utilizing knowledgeable and experience workforce. Apart from this, adoption of outsourcing procedure may ensure the supply procurement of its products and services to the entire globe (Villachica and Stepich, 2010). Evaluation of Risk Involvement Based on the evidence, it is recognised that an organisation may witness several challenges during its operations due to its poor strategic decision-making process. At the same time, lack of strategic involvement may influence may hamper the operational efficiency of an organisation. Similarly, poor practice of operations performance objectives may lead challenges for an organisation it terms of its outsourced as well as kept in-house service related aspects, which may hamper sustainability and profitability of an organisation within the competitive marketplace (Villachica and Stepich, 2010). Recommendation for Mitigate Risk Involvement With an aim of mitigating risk involvement during the outsourcing as well as kept in-house process, Starbucks will need to emphasise towards certain aspects, which may ensure the efficient as well as appropriate procurement of its outsourcing and kept in-house process. Moreover, Starbucks should incorporate five operations performance based objectives, which may ensure the operations of the organisation in terms of its outsourced as well as kept in-house services (Troaca and Bodislav, 2012). Conclusion Based on the evidences of this particular study, it is revealed that Starbucks has maintained its market leadership through emphasising towards the five operations performance based objectives. At the same time, the organisation has enhanced its business competencies by emphasising towards making better strategic decisions. Thus, in order to conclude the topic, it can be argued that through concentrating on outsource and kept in-house process related decisions, the organisation may enhance its profitability and growth for the future. Reference List Borowik, I. 2010. Why Has Religiosity in Poland not Changed since 1989? Five Hypotheses. Politics and Religion, 3(02), pp.262-275. Chevalier, R. 2010. Gap analysis revisited. Performance Improvement, 49(7), pp.5-7. Hauglie, C. 2010. From photographs to teaming. Performance Improvement, 49(4), pp.5-7. Kim, K. and Hank, K. 2010. Issues and Challenges for Secondary School Economics Education in South Korea: implications from five events since 2004. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 9(1), p.60. Langdon, D. 2010. Mind the performance. Performance Improvement, 49(8), pp.7-13. Liu, T. and Mance, I. 2009. The spatial gradient of the spread of feature-based attention. Journal of Vision, 9(8), pp.145-145. Marques, J. 2008. The five steps toward Awakened Leadership. Performance Improvement, 47(7), pp.20-23. Pearlstein, R. 2010. Reactions to rant. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 23(3), pp.3-4. Phillips, J. and Phillips, P. 2010. The power of objectives: Moving beyond learning objectives. Performance Improvement, 49(6), pp.17-24. Starbucks Coffee Company, 2011. Starbucks Company Timeline. Assets, pp. 1-2. Starbucks Corporation, 2013. Fiscal 2013 Annual Report. Form 10-K, pp.1-100. Tomar, S. and Reeves, A. 2009. Changes in the Oral Health of US Children and Adolescents and Dental Public Health Infrastructure Since the Release of the Healthy People 2010 Objectives. Academic Pediatrics, 9(6), pp.388-395. Troaca, V., and Bodislav, D., 2012. Outsourcing the Concept. Theoretical and Applied Economics Volume 15(6), pp. 51-58. Villachica, S. and Stepich, D. 2010. Surviving troubled times: Five best practices for training professionals. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 23(2), pp.93-115.

Venus Essays - Venus, Magellan, Corona, Maxwell Montes, Volcano

Venus Venus, the jewel of the sky, was once know by ancient astronomers as the morning star and evening star. Early astronomers once thought Venus to be two separate bodies. Venus, which is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is veiled by thick swirling cloud cover. Astronomers refer to Venus as Earth's sister planet. Both are similar in size, mass, density and volume. Both formed about the same time and condensed out of the same nebula. However, during the last few years scientists have found that the kinship ends here. Venus is very different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide with virtually no water vapor. Its clouds are composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that of the Earth's at sea-level. Venus is scorched with a surface temperature of about 482? C (900? F). This high temperature is primarily due to a runaway greenhouse effect caused by the heavy atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere to heat the surface of the planet. Heat is radiated out, but is trapped by the dense atmosphere and not allowed to escape into space. This makes Venus hotter than Mercury. A Venusian day is 243 Earth days and is longer than its year of 225 days. Oddly, Venus rotates from east to west. To an observer on Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east. Until just recently, Venus' dense cloud cover has prevented scientists from uncovering the geological nature of the surface. Developments in radar telescopes and radar imaging systems orbiting the planet have made it possible to see through the cloud deck to the surface below. Four of the most successful missions in revealing the Venusian surface are NASA's Pioneer Venus mission (1978), the Soviet Union's Venera 15 and 16 missions (1983-1984), and NASA's Magellan radar mapping mission (1990-1994). As these spacecraft began mapping the planet a new picture of Venus emerged. Venus' surface is relatively young geologically speaking. It appears to have been completely resurfaced 300 to 500 million years ago. Scientists debate how and why this occurred. The Venusian topography consists of vast plains covered by lava flows and mountain or highland regions deformed by geological activity. Maxwell Montes in Ishtar Terra is the highest peak on Venus. The Aphrodite Terra highlands extend almost half way around the equator. Magellan images of highland regions above 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) are unusually bright, characteristic of moist soil. However, liquid water does not exist on the surface and cannot account for the bright highlands. One theory suggests that the bright material might be composed of metallic compounds. Studies have shown the material might be iron pyrite (also know as fools gold). It is unstable on the plains but would be stable in the highlands. The material could also be some type of exotic material which would give the same results but at lower concentrations. Venus is scarred by numerous impact craters distrubuted randomly over its surface. Small craters less that 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) are almost non-existent due to the heavy Venusian atmosphere. The exception occurs when large meteorites shatter just before impact, creating crater clusters. Volcanoes and volcanic features are even more numerous. At least 85% of the Venusian surface is covered with volcanic rock. Hugh lava flows, extending for hundreds of kilometers, have flooded the lowlands creating vast plains. More than 100,000 small shield volcanoes dot the surface along with hundreds of large volcanos. Flows from volcanos have produced long sinuous channels extending for hundreds of kilometers, with one extending nearly 7,000 kilometers (4,300 miles). Giant calderas more than 100 kilometers (62 miles) in diameter are found on Venus. Terrestrial calderas are usually only several kilometers in diameter. Several features unique to Venus include coronae and arachnoids. Coronae are large circular to oval features, encircled with cliffs and are hundreds of kilometers across. They are thought to be the surface expression of mantle upwelling. Archnoids are circular to elongated features similar to coronae. They may have been caused by molten rock seeping into surface fractures and producing systems of radiating dikes and fractures. Science Essays