Industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Industrial revolution - Essay Example The revolution took place around the end of 18th century and early 19th century. The overall economic outlook of England’s society saw a turn and twist in the manner in which it operated previously, and this was formally coined in by Arnold Toynbee (Williams, 2011, 138) who gave it the name of revolution and since then the term has been referred to as revolution in form of modernization of society across the world. Apart from the form of practices, it had its effect on the different styles of leadership and ruling over individuals in society as well. Keywords: Development, steel, economic development Characteristics of revolution: It brought about change in the life styles. Prior to it people relied on agriculture and lived a simple life style that was restricted to the rural part of the countries. With the advent of the industrial revolution, industries were developed; machinery came about into usage, people started adopting the new means. Although the revolution was of total ly different pattern as compared to the previous revolutions yet it had an impact on the social sphere, economic sphere and political sphere within different societies. The countries with greater economic development were in position to dominate the situation and enforce their conditions and political systems upon other nations. Imperialism was a sequence of the entire event that took place as a result of dominant and stronger economic states against the weaker ones (Kesselmae et.al, 2011, 51). In the social sphere, it allowed for jobs creation and overall rise in the income level. The ultimate impact was that of improvement of the economy. Per capita incomes (Sng, 2010), G.D.Ps, annual budgets and other social and economic factors saw progress up to multiple folds which was completely unprecedented. Countries with more progress in the industrial sector ended up becoming developed states and those with little access and advantages extraction from the industrial means and mechanism r emained underprivileged and under developed. The impact was directly visible upon the people within those societies and the overall standards of life were of little attractive outlook with regard to income and prosperity level. The earliest traces of Industrial revolution can be traced back in to the English society where people started using the tools and devices at domestic level, although the term came into force and knowledge in France first(Clark, 2000, 5) . This in turn gave rise to the industry at local level and people started progressing with the overall prospect of various professions. Machine, tools, automation, iron, steel were few of the terms that were trade mark of the concept of industrial development that took place in Europe. The spread of development in form of concepts of industrialization did not stop in the social spheres of England only ,rather it made inroads into other societies of Europe as well and later on extended beyond the European continent and United States of America got engulfed into the overall developmental process. The benefits and modifications that resulted from industrial development were not only limited to manufacturing industries or heavy machinery usage, rather they enabled the communication advancements in form of the building of roads, and covering these roads with automobiles of all kinds.

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example Clearly, those who remain in good standing achieve many benefits, including income and public recognition. These things are rewards for the achievement and maintenance of high moral and ethical standards. The esteem that derives from membership in an elite group makes professional status desirable. In order to choose the best solutions to the problems identified in two cases, it is important to apply ethical theories and moral standards. As a passenger in version 1, I would pull the lever and save lives of 5 people. This decision is based on utilitarianism referred to by some as the consequentialist ethical theory. It is expressed in the form that asserts that people should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone. as the utilitarian, I believe that when choosing between two actions, the one that produces the greatest net happiness should be the one chosen (Donaldson et al. 2002). Where most of them disagree with one another is in the area of how this principle should be applied. There are also several stated weaknesses in this concept. It ignores actions that appear to be wrong in themselves; it espouses the concept that the end justifies the means; the principles may come into conflict with that of justice seems to associate justice with ef ficiency rather than fair play); and it is extremely difficult to formulate and establish satisfactory rules of application (Bentham 2000). I would pull the lever because it is ethical to save lives of people and choose the decision which benefits the majority. Utilitarianism manifests itself in two major forms. The stronger of the two is so-called act-utilitarianism. Under this system, the moral agent considers the consequences of only the action under consideration. The second system is called rule-utilitarianism. Here the moral agent considers a set of rules by which life should be lived. The basis of accepting or rejecting a rule is whether the consequences of everyone following the rule will result in the maximum probable good consequences. Rule-utilitarianism may be regarded as a weaker form of utilitarianism than act-utilitarianism. A rule-utilitarian, when confronted with a situation in which he believes that abiding by the rule will not in the present case be most beneficial, will simply modify the rule. Great disagreement may be generated over which consequences are in fact "good," which consequences should rec eive greater or lesser weight, and what probability should be assigned to different future consequences. Modern critics of utilitarianism also note that ultimately utilitarianism must seek non-utilitarian answers on assigning boundaries and values around the measurement of activities and values associated with the calculation of utilitarian systems. All these matters serve to cause what appears to be an exceptionally practical system to become less and less practical (Donaldson et al. 2002). As a passenger in version 2, I would not push the person and let him die. These actions would be considered as intentional killing of person and could lead to imprisonment. In terms of deontological ethics, actions should be based on rule-based morality. The approach considers an action as morally right if it conforms with a proper moral rule. An action that violates the rule but results in beneficial actions is still considered wrong. The